113 research outputs found
On Stability of Multistage Stochastic Programs
We study quantitative stability of linear multistage stochastic programs underperturbations of the underlying stochastic processes. It is shown that the optimalvalues behave Lipschitz continuous with respect to an -distance. Therefore, wehave to make a crucial regularity assumption on the conditional distributions, thatallows to establish continuity of the recourse function with respect to the currentstate of the stochastic process. The main stability result holds for nonanticipativediscretizations of the underlying process and thus represents a rigorous justificationof established discretization techniques
Representing LLVM-IR in a Code Property Graph
In the past years, a number of static application security testing tools have
been proposed which make use of so-called code property graphs, a graph model
which keeps rich information about the source code while enabling its user to
write language-agnostic analyses. However, they suffer from several
shortcomings. They work mostly on source code and exclude the analysis of
third-party dependencies if they are only available as compiled binaries.
Furthermore, they are limited in their analysis to whether an individual
programming language is supported or not. While often support for
well-established languages such as C/C++ or Java is included, languages that
are still heavily evolving, such as Rust, are not considered because of the
constant changes in the language design. To overcome these limitations, we
extend an open source implementation of a code property graph to support
LLVM-IR which can be used as output by many compilers and binary lifters. In
this paper, we discuss how we address challenges that arise when mapping
concepts of an intermediate representation to a CPG. At the same time, we
optimize the resulting graph to be minimal and close to the representation of
equivalent source code. Our evaluation indicates that existing analyses can be
reused without modifications and that the performance requirements are
comparable to operating on source code. This makes the approach suitable for an
analysis of large-scale projects
Discrepancy distances and scenario reduction in two-stage stochastic integer programming
Polyhedral discrepancies are relevant for the quantitative stability of mixed-integer two-stage and chance constrained stochastic programs. We study the problem of optimal scenario reduction for a discrete probability distribution with respect to certain polyhedral discrepancies and develop algorithms for determining the optimally reduced distribution approximately. Encouraging numerical experience for optimal scenario reduction is provided
Fifty years of the CERN Proton Synchrotron : Volume 2
This report sums up in two volumes the first 50 years of operation of the
CERN Proton Synchrotron. After an introduction on the genesis of the machine,
and a description of its magnet and powering systems, the first volume focuses
on some of the many innovations in accelerator physics and instrumentation that
it has pioneered, such as transition crossing, RF gymnastics, extractions,
phase space tomography, or transverse emittance measurement by wire scanners.
The second volume describes the other machines in the PS complex: the proton
linear accelerators, the PS Booster, the LEP pre-injector, the heavy-ion linac
and accumulator, and the antiproton rings.Comment: 58 pages, published as CERN Yellow Report
https://cds.cern.ch/record/1597087?ln=e
Potential interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms in bone- and cartilage-related genes in skeletal malocclusions
Objective
To investigate SNPs in bone‐ and cartilage‐related genes and their interaction in the aetiology of sagittal and vertical skeletal malocclusions.
Settings and sample population
This study included 143 patients and classified as follows: skeletal class I (n = 77), class II (n = 47) and class III (n = 19); maxillary retrusion (n = 39), protrusion (n = 52) and well‐positioned maxilla (n = 52); mandibular retrognathism (n = 50), prognathism (n = 50) and well‐positioned mandible (n = 43); normofacial (n = 72), dolichofacial (n = 55) and brachyfacial (n = 16).
Materials and methods
Steiner's ANB, SNA, SNB angles and Ricketts’ NBa‐PtGn angle were measured to determine the skeletal malocclusion and the vertical pattern. Nine SNPs in BMP2, BMP4, SMAD6, RUNX2, WNT3A and WNT11 were genotyped. Chi‐squared test was used to compare genotypes among the groups. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and binary logistic regression analysis, both using gender and age as co‐variables, were also used. We performed Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
Results
Significant associations at P < .05 were observed for SNPs rs1005464 (P = .042) and rs235768 (P = .021) in BMP2 with mandibular retrognathism and for rs59983488 (RUNX2) with maxillary protrusion (P = .04) as well as for rs708111 (WNT3A) with skeletal class III (P = .02; dominant model), rs1533767 (WNT11) with a brachyfacial skeletal pattern (P = .01, OR = 0.10; dominant model) and for rs3934908 (SMAD6) with prognathism (P = .02; recessive model). After the Bonferroni correction, none of the SNPs remained associated. The MDR predicted some interaction for skeletal class II, dolichofacial and brachyfacial phenotypes.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that SNPs in BMP2, BMP4, SMAD6, RUNX2, WNT3A and WNT11 could be involved in the aetiology of sagittal and vertical malocclusions
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